Filed under:hznp.com — jack @ January 8, 2009 edit
I would like a chemical composition chart for Lycium Barbarum. I have
searched extensively myself and have not found any chart detailed
enough. I am particularly interested in mono and polysaccharides.
Some examples of what I am looking for in respect to scope and detail.
For Spirulina:
http://www.spirulina-program.org/3acompositio.htm
For Aloe Vera:
http://www.glycoscience.org/glycoscience/warning.wm?PDF=C019.pdf#Hi Gianmillette,
Lyceum Barbarum is a Chinese indigenous plant, and belongs to the
family Solanaceae (nightshade). Its common name is matrimony vine.
Lyceum Barbarum is also known as wolfberries, Lycium halimifolium,and
Lycium vulgare. They are similar to Goji berries.
http://www.orient-hospital.com/Eng/gouji.htm
Here is the chemical composition (Not in a nice chart, but it is the
ONLY source I found)
?PhytoChemical Content of chinese wolfberry: Wolfberry rich of
wolfberry polysaccharides(amylose),detaine,zeaxanthine,physalein,Ascorbic
acid,Carotene,Riboflavin,Nicotine,Thiamine,Betaine,taurine,Vitamine
E,Vitamine C,Vitamine B1,Vitamine B2, content of Vitamine C same as
oranges and wolfberry contain 19 kinds of amino acids and K Na Ca Mg
Fe Cu Mn Zn Se,21 kinds of minerals and the concentration of
Beta-carotene in wolfberry even higher than carrots effect protein
concentration more than bee pollen. Every 100g fresh wolfberry contain
crude protein 5.8g,wolfberry fat 1g,Calcium 155mg,phosphor 67mg,Fe
3.4mg,carotene 3.96mg,Vitamine B 10.23mg,Vitamine B 20.33mg,Vitamine C
3mg; Betaine about 1%?
http://ccba.bc.ca/discuss1/_disc1/0000127c.htm
Wolfberries
?Oriental, or Chinese, Wolfberries (Lyceum Barbarum), similar to Goji
Berries from Tibet, grow in the Ningxia Province of northwestern China
(inner Mongolia). Because of their extraordinary nutrient value, rich
red color, and pleasant, full-bodied taste, the Chinese have been
growing this alkaline fruit for thousands of years. To preserve the
fruit, it is naturally dried and similar to a dry raisin in texture.
Chinese Wolfberries have played a role in Chinese medicine for
thousands of years.?
http://www.davidwolfe.com/products/foods/
?Here is a short list of other health promoting compounds found in
Lycium Barbarum:
Beta Sitosterol: An anti-inflammatory agent found to lower
cholesterol, and used to treat sexual impotence and prostrate
enlargement.
Zeaxanthin and Lutine: Valued for their role in protecting the eyes.
Betaine: Used by the liver to produce Choline which assists
detoxification reactions in the liver.
Betaine is known to protect DNA, enhance memory, promote muscle growth
and protects us from fatty liver disease.
Cyperone: A sesquiterpene used in treatment of cervical cancer. It is
also known to benefit heart and blood pressure problems as well as
menstruation problems.
Solavetivone: A powerful anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agent.
Physalin: A natural compound that boosts the immune system. Found to
be effective in treating leukaemia, hepatitis B and cancer.
A laboratory procedure was recently developed to measure the amount of
antioxidants the foods we eat contain. The procedure known as ORAC
(Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) was developed by Dr. Guohua Cao
at USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University,
USA. ORAC is one of the most sensitive and reliable methods for
measuring the ability of antioxidants to absorb free radicals. It is
the only test to combine both time and degree of inhibition of free
radicals.
According to Tufts University, the average person needs approximately
3,000 to 5,000 ORAC units per day to have a significant impact on
plasma and tissue antioxidant capacity. Three servings of fruits and
vegetables per day provide approximately 1200 ORAC units. This means
the average person is short by up to 3800 ORAC units each day,
depending on the fruits and vegetables they are choosing and their
body's requirements. To make up the difference, experts recommend
supplementing our diet with high ORAC foods to become and stay healthy
and slow down the aging process caused by free radical damage.
Lycium Barbarum was rated the food with the highest antioxidant
ability coming in at an amazing 3,472 ORAC units per fluid oz. Some of
the other notable mentions are vitamin E oil at 3,309, pomegranates at
3,037, blueberries 2,400, raspberries 1,220.
Furthermore, wolfberries have been found to have extremely high levels
of immune-stimulating polysaccharides. What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are very large, long-chain sugar molecules that are
nourishment for macrophages (large white blood cells) in the gut wall.
The macrophages are then transported to other immune cells, setting
off a chain of defensive events in our bodies.?
http://www.emaxhealth.com/6/567.html
?Lycium Barbarum was rated the food with the highest antioxidant
ability coming in at an amazing 3,472 ORAC units per fluid oz. Some of
the other notable mentions are vitamin E oil at 3,309, pomegranates at
3,037, blueberries 2,400, raspberries 1,220.
Furthermore, wolfberries have been found to have extremely high levels
of immune-stimulating polysaccharides. What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are very large, long-chain sugar molecules that are
nourishment for macrophages (large white blood cells) in the gut wall.
The macrophages are then transported to other immune cells, setting
off a chain of defensive events in our bodies.
Several years ago German researchers isolated polysaccharides from
Echinacea purpurea (often used in medicinal formulations) and mixed
them with macrophages in test tubes. They found that the
polysaccharides profoundly activated the macrophages, stimulating them
to effectively kill tumour cells! Also it was found macrophages
increased their production of interleukin, a chemical which spurs the
immune system to greater activity, and the polysaccharides also
enhanced the activity of B lymphocytes, immune-system cells which
fight bacterial infections.?
http://www.famouschinese.com/virtual/The_Tibetan_and_Chinese_health_Secret
This site has several graphs of anti-oxidant properties of Lyceum
Barbarum http://www.optimumchoices.com/August_2005.htm#Nutrition
More information.
http://www.ningxiared.com/modern_proof.html
I have found countless websites (many of which were unsavory) that
refer to the Beijiing Nutrition Research Institute study, but nowhere
have I found The actual stury results.
?In 1988, the Beijing Nutrition Research Institute conducted detailed
chemical analysis and nutritional composition studies of the dried
Wolfberry fruit. What they discovered was stunning. The Wolfberry
contain over 18 amino acids (that is six times higher in proportion
than bee pollen), 21 trace minerals, more beta carotene than carrots
and an astonishing 500 times more vitamin C by weight than oranges. It
is also packed with vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B6 and vitamin E.?
?Another clinical experiment by the Ningxia Institute (Register Number
879306, October 1982 to May 1985) studied the effects of Wolfberry on
the immune, physiological and biochemical indexes of the blood of aged
volunteers. The results were amazing, indicating that the Wolfberry
caused the blood of older people to noticeably revert to a younger
state.
Can the Wolfberry Boost Immune Function?
According to a report of the State Scientific and Technological
Commission of China, the Wolfberry contains compounds known as Lycium
polysaccharides, which appeared to be highly effective in promoting
immunity. These results were validated in a number of clinical trials.
In one study on a a group of cancer patients, the Wolfberry triggered
an increase in both lymphocyte transformation rate and white blood
cell count (measures of immune function). Unhealthy levels of titer of
serum antibodies have long been associated with Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome (also known as Epstein Bar). Does this mean that Wolfberry
could be used as a weapon against Epstein Bar? The possibilities are
intriguing.
In another study, consumption of Wolfberry lead to a strengthening of
immunoglobulin A levels (an index of Immune function). Because the
declining immunoglobulin A is one of the signs of aging, an increase
in these levels suggests that the Wolfberry may enable injured DNA to
their repair itself and ward off tissue degeneration.
Is the Wolfberry a Powerful Antioxidant?
As we grow older, the levels of lipid peroxide in our blood increase,
while levels of health protecting antioxidants, like super oxide the
Dismutase (SOD), decrease. In a clinical study of people who consumed
doses of Wolfberry, SOD in the blood increased by a remarkable 40%
while hemoglobin increased by 12%. Even better, lipid peroxide levels
dropped by a whopping 65%.
Does the Wolfberry Protect Eyesight?
A test was conducted on the effects of Wolfberry on eyesight. 27
people were tested and showed the a dramatic improvement in both dark
adaptation and vitamin A and carotene content of their serum (measures
over eyesight acuity).?
http://www.thepetwhisperer.com/archive/news_apr_2002.html
On the family Solanaceae
http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/solanum-dulc.html
?These wolfberries contain 31% Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide (LBP),
the highest LBP we?ve seen. LBP is the main active component of the
fruit.?
http://www.aznutrinet.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?action=display&ID=653
A list of magazines and journals with articles you may find interesting
http://www.zdravstvo.com/biljke/lycium/reference.htm
An interesting point of view here:
http://chetday.com/gojijuice.htm
I hope this has helped you. If not, please request an ANswer
Clarificaton, before you rate. This will allow me to assist you
further, if possible.
Regards, Crabcakes
Search Terms
=============
Chemical analysis wolfberries
Chemical analysis Lycium Barbarum
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides
Chemical composition + matrimony vineThis is excellent, quite in depth and and thorough however, my
specific interest is which monosaccharides the lycium barbarum
polysaccharides are composed of? For example monosaccharides such as:
rhamnose, xylose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, fucose,
galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, n-acetyl-glucosamine,
n-acetyl-galactosamine, & n-acetyl-neuraminic acid?
I do not know if studies have been done on this and have been unable
to find it in my own searches but would like to give it a shot
anyways.
Thank youHello again,
Thank you for your clarification.
I will do another search for monosaccharide information, but I will
say first there is a dearth of information on this topic. I was never
able to find the so-called Chinese study - only references to it.
I'd attempt to locate this for you.
Regards, CrabcakesI've been unable to find anything on sacharides other than what is below:
You may try writing to the University of Hong Kong for a definitive answer.
Lycium barbarum. Life Sci, 2004;76(2):137-149). For more information,
contact Harold Corke, Department of Botany, University of Hong Kong,
Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
v
" Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (glycocojugates), containing several
monosaccharides and 17 amino acids, were major bioactive constituents
of hypoglycemic effect.
Both polysaccharides and vitamin antioxidants from Lycium barbarum
fruits were possible active principles of hypolipidemic effect."
" In this study, the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-protein
complex (LBP(3p)) on the expression of interleukin-2 and tumor
necrosis factor-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were
investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) and bioassay.
Administration of LBP(3p) increased the expression of interleukin-2
and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at both mRNA and protein levels in a
dose-dependent manner.
The results suggest that LBP(3p) may induce immune responses and
possess potential therapeutic efficacy in cancer. "
"Molecular weights of LbGp2 was 68.2 ku and its carbohydrate content
was up to 90.7%. Component analysis showed that it composed of Ara and
Gal in a molar ratio of 3:4, and 18 kinds of amino acids. The
immunologic function and bioactivity of Lbp2 has been studied
preliminarily. Lbp2 was shown to increase rate of phagocyticaction and
phagocytic index, promote lymphocyte translation and accelerate the
production of serum hemolysin. LbGp2 has distinct effect of
antioxidation and the superoxide anion produced by DMSO-NaOH system
was scavenged effectively.
CONCLUSION: LbGp2 was shown to be a kind of homogeneous glycoconjugate
with good immunoactivity and antioxidative activity."
http://www.mikeymarthealth.com/lycium_barbarum_studies.html
" "The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lycium barbarum fruit
water decoction, crude polysaccharide extracts (crude LBP), and
purified polysaccharide fractions (LBP-X) in alloxan-induced diabetic
or hyperlipidemic rabbits were investigated through designed
sequential trials and by measuring blood glucose and serum lipid
parameters. Total antioxidant capacity was also assessed using trolox
equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance
capacity (ORAC) assay," scientists in China report.
"It was found that the three Lycium barbarum fruit extracts/fractions
could significantly reduce blood glucose levels and serum total
cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations and at same time
markedly increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels
after 10 days treatment in tested rabbits, indicating that there were
substantial hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects," stated Qiong Luo
and collaborators at the University of Hong Kong and Wuhan University.
"Hypoglycemic effect of LBP-X was more significant than those of water
decoction and crude LBP, but its hypolipidemic effect seemed to be
weaker. Total antioxidant capacity assay showed that all three Lycium
barbarum extracts/fractions possessed antioxidant activity."
http://www.apria.com/common/aw_cmp_printNews/1,2762,333532,00.html
"The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lycium barbarum fruit
water decoction, crude polysaccharide extracts (crude LBP), and
purified polysaccharide fractions (LBP-X) in alloxan-induced diabetic
or hyperlipidemic rabbits were investigated through designed
sequential trials and by measuring blood glucose and serum lipid
parameters. Total antioxidant capacity was also assessed using trolox
equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance
capacity (ORAC) assay. It was found that the three Lycium barbarum
fruit extracts/fractions could significantly reduce blood glucose
levels and serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG)
concentrations and at same time markedly increase high density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels after 10 days treatment in
tested rabbits, indicating that there were substantial hypoglycemic
and hypolipidemic effects."
http://www.famouschinese.com/viewmedline?id=15519360&cdate=11/02/2004
You can purchase this report for $25:
"Determination of taurine in Lycium barbarum L. and other foods by..."
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/106566366/ABSTRACT
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/5152
Hope this helped you out!
Regards, Crabcakes#If you have any other info about this subject , Please add it free.# |
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